awkward.........
Sources and extra links below!
me on twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
me on instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
music by http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow

Embarrassment and prosociality: http://ist-socrates.berkeley.e....du/~keltner/publicat

Empathetic Embarrassment:

http://www.npr.org/2014/07/19/....332760081/the-opposi
http://healthland.time.com/201....1/05/05/why-your-emb

Cringe subreddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/cringe

awkward hug gifs: http://giphy.com/search/awkward-hug

Embarrassment: http://www.apa.org/monitor/201....2/11/embarrassment.a

The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows: http://www.dictionaryofobscuresorrows.com

The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows (on YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/user/obscuresorrows

“Why Are We Morbidly Curious?” (related Vsauce video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbdMMI6ty0o

social rejection and physical pain: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/15/6270.full

Social awkwardness and genetics:

http://news.sciencemag.org/soc....ial-sciences/2009/11
http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs53576

Psychology experiments that test the breaking of social norms are called “breaching experiments”: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaching_experiment

Stage Fright: http://business.uni.edu/buscom....m/Presentations/stag

Oxytocin:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin
http://www.psyneuen-journal.co....m/article/S0306-4530

Oxytocin and fear/anxiety:

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_....releases/2013-07/nu-

negativity bias: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias

more negative emotions than positive:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC315600
https://www.psychologytoday.co....m/blog/in-the-name-l

Eleanor Roosevelt quote: http://www.goodreads.com/quote....s/26110-you-wouldn-t

“in you 20s and 30s…” quote: http://www.ihhp.com/equotes/

The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows: http://www.dictionaryofobscuresorrows.com

The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows (on YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/user/obscuresorrows

“sonder” gif: http://i.imgur.com/zxBZ0vF.gif

Do you want to know how some of Earth's most fascinating mysteries have been solved by science? Join us and learn about 5 thought-to-be unexplainable mysteries—explained! Hosted by Hank Green.

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Sources:

Meat shower:
https://timesmachine.nytimes.c....om/timesmachine/1876
https://blogs.scientificameric....an.com/running-ponie
https://archive.org/stream/ame....ricanjournal163unkng
https://books.google.com/books?id=Rv2fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA254%23v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false

Easter Island hats:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../smart-news/clever-w
https://www.nationalgeographic.....com/travel/world-he

Earthquake lights:
https://news.nationalgeographi....c.com/news/2014/01/1
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.o....rg/ssa/srl/article-a
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub...._releases/2014-01/ss

Sailing Stones:
https://www.nationalparks.org/....connect/blog/sailing
https://www.nps.gov/deva/plany....ourvisit/the-racetra
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/....mystery-solved-saili
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13

The Bloop:
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bloop.html
https://motherboard.vice.com/e....n_us/article/8qpvdx/

Will-o’-the-wisps:
https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/willowisp.html
https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wi....ley.com/doi/pdf/10.1
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267817536_On_the_track_of_the_will-o'-the-wisp
https://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/will.htm

The COMPLETE Periodic Table!
The END OF THE UNIVERSE Song: https://youtu.be/o6UPfdhOHIY
iTunes http://bit.ly/asaptable

Check out http://asapscience.com for more

Bandcamp: https://asapscience.bandcamp.c....om/track/the-updated


In celebration of National Periodic Table Day, here is our song updated with the 4 newly named elements!
https://www.asapscience.com/


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ASAPSCIENCE INC.
P.O. Box 93, Toronto P
Toronto, ON, M5S2S6


------------------------------------------

Written, Directed, Produced, Edited and Sung by Mitchell Moffit.
Based on the "Can-Can" music, by Offenbach.

LYRICS:

There's Hydrogen and Helium
Then Lithium, Beryllium
Boron, Carbon everywhere
Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe
And Fluorine for your pretty teeth
Neon to light up the signs
Sodium for salty times

Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon
Phosphorus, then Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon
Potassium, and Calcium so you'll grow strong
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese

CHORUS
This is the Periodic Table
Noble gas is stable
Halogens and Alkali react agressively
Each period will see new outer shells
While electrons are added moving to the right

Iron is the 26th
Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get
Copper, Zinc and Gallium
Germanium and Arsenic

Selenium and Bromine film
While Krypton helps light up your room
Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium

Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium
Silver-ware then Cadmium and Indium
Tin-cans, Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon and then Caesium and...

Barium is 56 and this is where the table splits
Where Lanthanides have just begun
Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium

Neodymium's next too
Promethium, then 62's
Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium
Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium
Ytterbium, Lutetium

Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to
Rhenium, Osmium and Iridium
Platinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old
Mercury to tell you when it's really cold

Thallium and Lead then Bismuth for your tummy
Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy
Radon, Francium will last a little time
Radium then Actinides at 89

REPEAT CHORUS

Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium
Americium, Curium, Berkelium
Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium
Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium
Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium
Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium
Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium

Nihonium, Flerovium
Moscovium, Livermorium
Tennessine and Oganesson
And then we're done!!

Check out our UPDATED version which has all the NEW ELEMENTS here: https://youtu.be/rz4Dd1I_fX0
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Send us stuff!

ASAPSCIENCE INC.
P.O. Box 93, Toronto P
Toronto, ON, M5S2S6


------------------------------------------

Written, Directed, Produced, Edited and Sung by Mitchell Moffit.
Based on the "Can-Can" music, by Offenbach.

LYRICS:

There's Hydrogen and Helium
Then Lithium, Beryllium
Boron, Carbon everywhere
Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe
And Fluorine for your pretty teeth
Neon to light up the signs
Sodium for salty times

Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon
Phosphorus, then Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon
Potassium, and Calcium so you'll grow strong
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese

CHORUS
This is the Periodic Table
Noble gas is stable
Halogens and Alkali react agressively
Each period will see new outer shells
While electrons are added moving to the right

Iron is the 26th
Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get
Copper, Zinc and Gallium
Germanium and Arsenic

Selenium and Bromine film
While Krypton helps light up your room
Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium

Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium
Silver-ware then Cadmium and Indium
Tin-cans, Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon and then Caesium and...

Barium is 56 and this is where the table splits
Where Lanthanides have just begun
Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium

Neodymium's next too
Promethium, then 62's
Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium
Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium
Ytterbium, Lutetium

Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to
Rhenium, Osmium and Iridium
Platinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old
Mercury to tell you when it's really cold

Thallium and Lead then Bismuth for your tummy
Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy
Radon, Francium will last a little time
Radium then Actinides at 89

REPEAT CHORUS

Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium
Americium, Curium, Berkelium
Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium
Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium
Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium
Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium
Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium

Ununtrium, Flerovium
Ununpentium, Livermorium
Ununseptium, Ununoctium
And then we're done!!

This is how we go from single cells to people.
Support A Capella Science: http://patreon.com/acapellascience
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EVO-DEVO
Huxley
B. Mac.
Oh Carroll, Carroll
Gould, Stephen Jay yeah
D-D-D-D-Davidson and Peter

See
One cell divide and decide on a thousand fates
Did you ever figure how they know?
B. Mac.
We
Are built of modules combined in a planned out way
Each new piece must be told where to go
Oh

Now there's a science helping us to understand
How our cells encode this architectural plan
Signalling each other with genetic tools oh
Oh yeah

Wow
Phenotype the interface for mouse and man
Genotype the files and the subprograms
What then are the switches, circuit boards and boot code?

Evo-Devo
Looking at the logic in the ways that we grow
Every gene directed by a signal key code
Proteins that can activate, enhance or veto
Evo-Devo
Signals are controlled by other genes that signal
Calculating in a network labyrinthal
Where the heart and liver and the hands and feet go

Signal mapping tells each region what it ought to be yo
With circuits so deeply built upon
They're older than the Paleo
The Paleozoic Era baby
In a crucial pathway changes tend to get torpedoed
Where they go calamity goes
As this cyclopic sheep knows..

See down they cascade like a domino
Like you and I drosophila
The path that makes us optical
Was laid a long long time ago
Back before we blew up the cambrian like a bomb bomb
Now my eye protein can make you see out of your bom bom
And Hedgehog and its relatives like Indian and Sonic
Set up set up in a gradient on segments embryonic
Split forebrains and asymmetric parts depend upon it
Flipping on genetic switches and logic
From devo to evo
Adult and embryo
Mostly don't evolve in the genes of the genome
Safer the mutation aimed at regulation
Keep the building blocks and swap their activation
From devo to evo
Parts have alter egos
Homologs evolved from repeats in the schema
Switch a couple bases in the proper places
You'll be watching flies grow legs out of their faces oh yeah

Evo-Devo
Stick around for Modern Synthesis the sequel
Only by combining can a new theory grow
Evolution and development amigos
Evo-Devo
Signals trigger patterns of complexity so
Switching up the switches of a signalling node
Gives a modular and simple way to evolve

Look at how our spinal segments generate a neat row
Built on a molecular clock
One cycle, one vertebra
One vertebra one vertebra baby
Speeding up its rate is snakes' developmental cheat code
That and where a lizard's feet grow
They turn off distal aminos

Evo-Devo
This is how we go from single cells to people
Every generation and in life primeval
Life in variations endless and beautiful

Badaboom

From devo to evo
Larva to mosquito
Patterns are resolved as the signals proceed yo
Map out a gene with a glow tag
Kill it with a morpholino
Short oligo morpholino baby

From devo to evo
Voyage of the Beagle
Body plans evolve when proteins steer the genome
In this manner life's beauty grows
Aesthetica in vivo

Evo-Devo

The leaves are falling from the trees and the air is getting chilly where Jessi and Squeaks live, which can only mean one thing: it's fall! And to celebrate the season, they've put together a bunch of videos about all the fun things you can see, learn about, and even eat in the fall!

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How the brain works, how we learn, and why we sometimes make stupid mistakes.
Submit ideas: http://ve42.co/GotIdeas
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Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

This video was inspired by the book Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

Harpist: Lara Somogyi http://ve42.co/Lara
Animator: Jesse Agar http://ve42.co/ThisPlace
Filmed by Raquel Nuno

Music by Kevin MacLeod, http://incompetech.com "Sneaky Adventure" "Harlequin"

Take the PBS Digital Studios audience survey: https://to.pbs.org/2021survey
We’re on PATREON! Join the community https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

It would be a lot easier to study the science of dreaming if we weren’t asleep every time we did it. Why do we dream? What does dreaming do for our brains? How did dreaming evolve? Here’s a look at the current theories from psychology and neuroscience.

References:
Barrett, D. (2017), Dreams and creative problem-solving. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1406: 64-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13412
Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Cesare Comoldi, Rossana De Beni, Iino Fagioli, Bizarreness Effect in Dream Recall, Sleep, Volume 16, Issue 2, March 1993, Pages 163–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.2.163
Eagleman DM, Vaughn DA (2021). The Defensive Activation Theory: REM Sleep as a Mechanism to Prevent Takeover of the Visual Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15:632853. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632853
El-Solh, A. A. (2018). Management of nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Current perspectives. Nature and Science of Sleep, 10, 409–420.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30538593/
Hughes, J. Donald. (2000). Dream Interpretation in Ancient Civilizations. Dreaming. 10. 7-18. 10.1023/A:1009447606158.
Káli, S., Dayan, P. Off-line replay maintains declarative memories in a model of hippocampal-neocortical interactions. Nature Neuroscience 7, 286–294 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1202
Montangero, Jacques & Ivanyi, Corinne & Saint-Hilaire, Zara. (2003). Completeness and accuracy of morning reports after a recall cue: Comparison of dream and film reports. Consciousness and cognition. 12. 49-62. 10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00029-6.
Stickgold, R., Malia, A.; Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000). Replaying the Game: Hypnagogic Images in Normals and Amnesics. Science. 290 (5490): 350–353. doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.350.
Valli, K., Revonsuo, A., Pälkäs, O., Ismail, K. H., Ali, K. J., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2005). The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 188–218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15766897/
van der Linden, S. The Science Behind Dreaming. Scientific American. July 26, 2011
Erin J. Wamsley, PhD, Karen Perry, MD, Ina Djonlagic, MD, Laura Babkes Reaven, MD, Robert Stickgold, PhD, Cognitive Replay of Visuomotor Learning at Sleep Onset: Temporal Dynamics and Relationship to Task Performance, Sleep, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.1.59
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Explore the nature of science with The Amoeba Sisters. This video discusses why there is not just one universal scientific method as well as the importance of credible sources when researching. Vocab in experimental design including "control group," "constants," "independent variable," and "dependent variable" are discussed. Video additionally shows how to place variables on a hypothetical graph.

Factual References:
-OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf....87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f1

-Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings / Pearson.

*************Further Reading Suggestions:***************

*Reflecting on teaching the scientific method?
https://www.nsta.org/publicati....ons/news/story.aspx?

-NSTA's Position Statement on Nature of Science https://www.nsta.org/about/pos....itions/natureofscien

*More about finding credible sources?
https://blogs.scientificameric....an.com/guest-blog/fi

*How to read a scientific paper (for students)?
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ca....inproj/courses/HowTo
https://www.sciencemag.org/car....eers/2016/03/how-ser

*More about how to graph (for students?):
https://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/c....reateagraph/default.

*We mention ethics is an important discussion to have when doing work in science. Want to read more about ethical considerations? A great read: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/rese....arch/resources/bioet

*What do we mean science can be "creative?" Here's a great read!
https://www.theatlantic.com/ed....ucation/archive/2014

P.S. There actually is a lot of work on trying to prevent barnacles on boats (while also trying to not hurt the environment). While our example is using a hypothetical additive, read about this interesting way that instead involves using a special coating!
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/0....8/27/science/barnacl

The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos

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